Crime Classification Manual – Douglas, John

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Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Part I: Crime Analysis and Investigation

Chapter 1: Crime Classification: Past and Present

Historical Perspective

Crime Characteristics and Crime Classification Today

Crime Classification: The Decision Process

Classification by Type, Style, and Number of Victims

Crime Classification Numbering System

References

Chapter 2: Criminal Investigative Concepts in Crime Scene Analysis

The Assessment

The Modus Operandi

The Signature Aspect

Modus Operandi or Signature?

Linking Cases

Cases Linked by Offender Signature

Serial Killers and Signature Crime

Personation

Staging

Objectivity

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3: The Impact of the Internet, Technology, and Forensics on Crime Investigation

Internet Serial Murder Case: John E. Robinson Sr.

Advances in Technology

Advances in Forensics

Solving Homicides by Virtual Crime Scene Analysis

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4: Local, Federal, and International Agencies

Types of U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

FBI’s Behavior Science Unit

History of VICAP

VICAP’S Mission

VICAP Case Types

VICAP Today

Additional Federal Agencies

International Agencies

Combating Cybercrime

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5: Classifying Crimes by Severity From Aggravators to Depravity

The Crime

The Appeal

Aggravators Relating to the Crime Itself

A Framework for Defining the Worst of Crimes

Toward a Depravity Standard for Criminal Sentencing

Defining the Depravity Standard Items: Implications for Investigators

Using the Depravity Standard

References

Part II: The Classifications

Chapter 6: Criminal Enterprise Homicide

The Uniform Crime Reporting Program

Homicide Classification by Victims, Type, and Style

Investigative Profiling

CCM: A Motivational Model for Classification of Homicide

100: Criminal Enterprise

101: Contract Murder (Third Party)

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

102: Gang-Motivated Murder

Defining Characteristics

Common Forensic Findings

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

103: Criminal Competition

Defining Characteristics

Common Forensic Findings

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

104: Kidnap Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

105: Product Tampering

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

106: Drug Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

107: Insurance-Related Death

107.01: Individual Profit

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

107.02: Commercial Profit

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

108: Felony Murder

108.01: Indiscriminate Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

108.02: Situational Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

References

Chapter 7: Personal Cause Homicide

120: Personal Cause Homicide

121: Erotomania-Motivated Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

122: Domestic Homicide

122.01: Spontaneous Domestic Homicide

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

122.02: Staged Domestic Homicide

Defining Characteristics

122.03: Neonaticide

Defining Characteristics

Common Forensic Findings

Investigative Considerations

123: Argument/Conflict Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

123.01: Argument Murder

123.02: Conflict Murder

124: Authority Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

125: Revenge

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

126: Nonspecific Motive Murder

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

Chapter 8: Sexual Homicide

130: Sexual Homicide

131: Sexual Homicide, Organized

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

132: Sexual Homicide, Disorganized

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

133: Sexual Homicide, Mixed

134: Sexual Homicide, Sadistic

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

135: Elder Female Sexual Homicide

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Considerations

References

Chapter 9: Extremist and Medical Homicide

127: Individual Extremist Homicide

Extremist Typologies

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

127.02: Religion-Inspired Homicide

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

128: Medical Murders

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

128.01: Pseudo-Mercy Homicide

128.02: Pseudo-Hero Homicide

References

Chapter 10: Group Cause Homicide

140: Group Cause Homicide

141: Group Cause Homicide, Cult

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

142: Extremist Homicide

Extremist Groups Using the Internet

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

142.01: Extremist Homicide, Political

Defining Characteristics

143: Group Excitement

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

Chapter 11: Arson/Bombing

11.1 Arson: General Characteristics

Search Warrant Suggestions

200: Vandalism-Motivated Arson

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

210: Excitement-Motivated Arson

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

220: Revenge-Motivated Arson

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

230: Crime Concealment Arson

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

240: Profit-Motivated Arson

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

250: Extremist-Motivated Arson

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

251: Extremist-Motivated Arson, Terrorism

260: Serial Arson

Serial Arsonist and MO

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

270: Serial Bombing

Chapter 12: Rape and Sexual Assault

Victim Contact

Fixation

General Forensic Evidence Collections

300: Criminal Enterprise Rape

301: Felony Rape

301.01: Primary Felony Rape

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

301.02: Secondary Felony Rape

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

310: Personal Cause Sexual Assault

311: Indirect Offenses

311.01: Isolated/Opportunistic Offense

311.02: Preferential Offense

311.03: Transition Offense

311.04: Preliminary Offense

312: Domestic Sexual Assault

312.01: Adult Domestic Sexual Assault

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

312.02: Child Domestic Sexual Abuse

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

313: Opportunistic Rape

Sexualization Motive

Sadistic Types

Nonsadistic Types

Vindictive Motivation

313.01: Social Acquaintance Rape

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

313.02: Authority Rape

Defining Characteristics

Investigation

Search Warrant Considerations

313.02.03: Authority Rape, Child

Defining Characteristics

313.03: Power–Reassurance Rape

Defining Characteristics

313.03.02: Power–Reassurance Rape, Adolescent

313.04: Exploitative Rape

Defining Characteristics

314: Anger Rape

Defining Characteristics

314.01: Anger Rape, Gender

314.02: Anger Rape, Age

314.02.01: Anger Rape, Elderly Victim

314.02.02: Anger Rape, Child Victim

314.03: Anger Rape, Racial

Defining Characteristics

314.04: Anger Rape, Global

Defining Characteristics

315: Sadistic Rape

Comparison of Rapist Types

315.01: Sadistic Rape, Adult

Defining Characteristics

315.02: Sadistic Rape, Adolescent

315.04: Sadistic Rape, Elder

319: Abduction Rape

330: Group-Cause Sexual Assault

331: Formal Gang Sexual Assault

332: Informal Gang Sexual Assault

333: Military Sexual Trauma

333.01: Military Sexual Harassment

333.02: Military Sexual Assault/Rape

390: Sexual Assault Not Classified Elsewhere

References

Chapter 13: Nonlethal Crimes

400: Nonlethal Crimes

401: Communication Threats

Defining Characteristics

Search Warrant Suggestions

401.01: Direct Threats

401.02: Indirect Threats

401.03: Conditional Threats

401.04: Nonspecific Threats

402: Threat Delivery

402.01: Threat Delivery, Visual Communication

402.02: Threat Delivery, Verbal Communication

402.03: Threat Delivery, Written Communication

402.03.01: Letter Threat

402.03.02: Symbolic Threat

402.04: Physical Communication Threats

410: Stalking Crimes

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

411: Domestic Stalker

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

412: Nondomestic Stalker

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

413: Erotomania Stalker

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

420: Robbery

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

421: Bank Robbery

422: Home Invasion Robbery

Criminal Profile

Dangerous Trends

Method of Operation

430: Burglary

Defining Characteristics

Investigation Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

440: Assault

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

450: Battery/Abuse

Reference

Chapter 14: Computer Crimes

500: Computer Crimes

510: Computers as the Target

511: Malignant Software

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

512: Computer Data as the Target

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

513: Denial of Service

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

520: The Computer User as the Target

521: Identity Theft

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

522: Invasion of Privacy

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

523: Cyberstalking

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

524: Crimes

524.1: Online Solicitation of Children

524.2: Child Pornography

524.2.1: Possession of Child Pornography

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

524.2.2: Distribution of Child Pornography

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

524.2.3: Production of Child Pornography

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

530: Criminal Enterprise

White-Collar Crime

531: Money Laundering

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

532: Child Pornography

533: Internet Fraud

533.01: Bank Fraud

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

533.02: Fraudulent Internet Transactions

540: Threats via the Internet

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

541: Internet-Initiated Homicide

543: Cybergangs

References

Chapter 15: Increased Globalization of Crime

600: Global Crimes

601: Illegal Migration

601.01: Autonomous Migrant Entries

601.01: Human Trafficking

Exploitation

Types of Trafficking Operations

Process of Trafficking Migrants

601.01.01: Trafficking Migrants

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

Human Smuggling

601.01.02: Human Smuggling

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

601.02: Visa Overstayer

602: Cross-Border Organized Crime

602.01: Cigarette Smuggling

602.02: Cross-Border Smuggling of Weapons

602.03: Trafficking of Narcotics

603: Biological Attacks and Bioterrorism

603.01: Biological Attacks

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

604: Chemical Attacks and Terrorism

604.01: Chemical Attacks

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

605: Hostage Taking

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

606: Bombings and Explosive Attacks and Terrorism

606.01: Explosive Attacks and Terrorism

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

607: Aerial Hijackings

Defining Characteristics

Investigative Considerations

Search Warrant Suggestions

References

Chapter 16: Mass and Serial Homicide

Mass Murder

Serial Murder

References

Chapter 17: Poison and Biological Agents as Weapons

Poisoning

Biological Agents as Weapons

Moving Forward

References

Part III: Legal Issues

Chapter 18: Interviewing, Interrogation, and Criminal Confessions

The Prosecution’s Arsenal

Preparing for the Prescriptive Interview

Challenges to Confessions (FBI, 2002)

Category 1: Behavior

Category 2: Traits

Category 3: Statements

Category 4: Options

Category 5: Consequences

Personal Dignity

Conclusion

References

Chapter 19: Wrongful Convictions: Causes, Solutions, and Case Studies

False Confessions

Junk Science

Overzealous Prosecution

Conclusion

References

About the Editors

About the Contributors

Citation Index

Name Index

Subject Index


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